A U.S. immigration matter may move through several government bodies. Understanding which agency controls each stage explains why an approval at one stage may not end the process.
USCIS — petitions and immigration benefits
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, within the Department of Homeland Security, adjudicates many petitions and applications, including changes and extensions of status, adjustment of status, permanent residence, and naturalization.
Department of State and consular posts
The Department of State administers visas abroad. A consular officer decides whether an applicant has established visa eligibility. A USCIS petition approval therefore does not always mean that a visa will be issued.
CBP — the border and admission
A visa allows travel to a port of entry and a request for admission. Customs and Border Protection decides admission, and the I-94 reflects the terms of that admission.
ICE, SEVP, NVC, and EOIR
ICE is an enforcement agency, while SEVP oversees certified schools, international students, and SEVIS. NVC handles pre-consular processing in certain immigrant visa matters. EOIR, within the Department of Justice, operates immigration courts and the Board of Immigration Appeals.
OFFICIAL SOURCES & REFERENCES
Sources
USCIS↗Department of State — Visas↗CBP — International Visitors↗Department of Justice — EOIR↗This publication provides general information only. It is not legal advice, a legal opinion, or a guarantee of eligibility or outcome. Law, policy, and government instructions should be checked for the relevant date and facts.
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